"for the first time an article which comes under civil branch"
Abstract
The enormous increase in the quantum and diversity of waste materials generated by anthropogenic human activity and their potentially harmful effects on the general environment and public health, have led to an increasing awareness, world-wide. Therefore, and urgent need to adopt scientific methods for safe disposal of waste and recovered valuable energy from it. There is and obvious need to minimize the generation of wastes and to reuse and recycle them, the technologies for recovery of energy from wastes can play a vital role in mitigating the problems.
Besides recovery of substantial energy, these technologies can led to a substantial reduction in the overall waste quantities requiring final disposal, which can be better managed for safe disposal in a controlled manner while meeting the pollution control standards.
This paper gives some basic information about Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and its utilization for Energy Recovery, besides a method for enough estimation of power generation potential from MSW through the main conversion process. It is also shown that, in general, 100 tones of MSW can generate about 1.0-1.5 MW power.
In developing countries, like India, innovative technologies which allow resources generation from commonly discarded materials give strong hand to economy and keep socio-economic development of the country ahead India too has lot of potential for resources generation FROM WASTE.
The enormous increase in the quantum and diversity of waste materials generated by anthropogenic human activity and their potentially harmful effects on the general environment and public health, have led to an increasing awareness, world-wide. Therefore, and urgent need to adopt scientific methods for safe disposal of waste and recovered valuable energy from it. There is and obvious need to minimize the generation of wastes and to reuse and recycle them, the technologies for recovery of energy from wastes can play a vital role in mitigating the problems.
Besides recovery of substantial energy, these technologies can led to a substantial reduction in the overall waste quantities requiring final disposal, which can be better managed for safe disposal in a controlled manner while meeting the pollution control standards.
This paper gives some basic information about Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and its utilization for Energy Recovery, besides a method for enough estimation of power generation potential from MSW through the main conversion process. It is also shown that, in general, 100 tones of MSW can generate about 1.0-1.5 MW power.
INTRODUCTION
Power Generation From Municipal Solid Waste:
Water pollution control has received considerable attention by the Government, civil authorities and environmentalists in the wake of social awareness and availability of various technologies to solve the problem by generating resources out of waste.
The same trend has not yet picked up in case of Municipal solid waste (MSW) which has equal or even more damaging effect on environment. This because the SW disposal is being done by conventional methods which are not environment friendly. The entire responsibility of collection, transportation and disposal of MSW lies with civic authorities who are hard pressed for financial and other resources inspire of having managerial capabilities.
In developing countries, like India, innovative technologies which allow resources generation from commonly discarded materials give strong hand to economy and keep socio-economic development of the country ahead India too has lot of potential for resources generation FROM WASTE.
Presently India Generates:
MSW : 25 Million Tones/annum
Agricultural residue : 320 Million Tones/annum
Cattle manure : 210 Million Tones/annum
Poultry manure : 3.3 Million Tones/annum
Looking at only MSW, which is centrally collected are easily available at one site for treatment, India can generate nearly 500 MW of power while solving problem of pollution.
Western Paques India Limited, have realized the problem of disposal of MSW and considered on opportunity of power generation through MSW. A worldwide survey was conducted for bringing appropriate technologies to suit Indian conditions and quality of solid waste.
There are 25 cities in the country having population of more than one million. The municipal refuse of a city is proportional to the population and the figures vary from 0.4 to 0.5 kg per person per day.
Municipal solid waste content offers 35-40% by weight biodegradable matter. It is possible to treat this component by Anaerobic Digestion in order to stabilize the organic fraction. In the process of Anaerobic digestion large quantities of energy in the form of methane rich gas generated. This gas has very good fuel value and can be used to produce electricity through gas engines. Typically about 1 MW of power can be generated by treating 125 tones/day of MSW.
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