Introduction To Operating System (O.S)

The Operating System (O.S) provides the facility to user to interact with hardware. It operate's the computer. The Operating System (O.S) is a program module within a computer system with govern's the control, use and management of available system resources such a primary memory, secondary memory, I/o devices etc.
 The Operating System (O.S) is viewed two main angles i.e

• As a user Interface
• As a manager of resources

User Interface:

From the user point of view the Operating System (O.S) act's as an interface between the user and the program the physical computer hardware. The Operating System (O.S) provides friendly programming and communication environment. It provide various commands for carrying out different user task.

Manager of Resources:

In general the computer has the resource such as processor, software, i/o devices, memory etc. While achieving the above resources, it carry out the following task.

1. Keep the trap of resource- the Operating System (O.S) keep the trap of available or non-availability of resources
2. En- force the policy to determine who get's , when and How much of different resources asking for them. It also decide which process is due for resources access and for how much time .
3. Allocate the Resources: If the processor is due for  access of resource and if it is free the Operating System (O.S) allocate the resource to predefined time duration.
4. Reclaim the resources: The Operating System (O.S) reclaim the resources from the process to which it was previously given if the process is completed or allocation time is over.

Hierarchical Operating System (O.S) model:

The Operating System (O.S) manages the operation of computer system and provide a possibly large number of user accessible sevice in multi-user multi-programming system . It has to provide the working environment and keep the track of it for execution. The basic idea is to create hierarchical level so that each level of operation can carryout as follows

• Kernel (layer 1): The often know as nucleus of Operating System (O.S) . It is heart of computer software. It keeps the track of active process and manages the system interrupts.
• Basic I/O services (layer 2): This layer basically manages the low level facility for management of secondary storage need to support the main memory management on layer 3. This layer allows a block of data to be transfer either  direction between primary and secondary memory.
• Memory management (layer 3): The level manage a primary memory.it allocate a memory for the program to load for execution and get the over. The segmentation., paging mechanism, virtual memory management  etc, are support by this layer.
• File system management (layer 4): The layer provide facility for long storage more sophisticated  form of space allocation, accessing a data on secondary memory are to carried out.
• Command Language Interrupts (layer 5): In this layer it support as an interface between the user and the Operating System (O.S). This layer accepts the command form the user terminal. Basically it converts the user information into desire from or vise verse to interact with the user.

Example of Operating System (O.S)

1. MS -Dos : Developed by Microsoft
2. Unix/ Linux: Developed in BELL lab by Kemp Thomas and Denis Richard platform higher Language like c and cpp
3. Windows : Developed by Microsoft platform DOS.
4. Android/Chromium: Developed by Google platform Linux
5. Symbian: Developed by Nokia and Symbian LTD. 

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