INTRODUCTION:
Today cholesterol control is major problem faced by most of the people, as increase in cholesterol level in blood block the blood vessel by atheromas formation & thus increase blood pressure (B.P.) & may leads to heart attack. By using medicines (like statin, Questran) we can control the cholesterol level in blood but not permanently. Also it has side effect & till date clinical trials are failed to show sufficient evidence of improved survival after taking drugs.
Another method itself proposed by nano-technology is to use nanorobots. But as nanorobots uses laser beam for its action to destroy cholesterol molecule, it may rise risk of cancer or some other hazards to the body.
To overcome all this difficulties we use group of enzymes (biological), which control cholesterol level by converting cholesterol molecule into small molecules, which are soluble in water and less harmful to body so that these molecules can be removed out from body.
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is an animal sterol which occur either free in form or as a fatty acid. It occurs in Free State inside cell and also in blood. Its chemical structure is as
Shown below
Its main physical property is that it is insoluble in water.
Importance of cholesterol:
In human body cholesterol is a one of the important compound. Their importance’s are:
It is structural component of all cell membrane
It is main component of formation of many compounds like bile acid vitamin d and certain hormones
DISADVANTAGES OF HIGH CHOLESTEROL:
Even though cholesterol is important for body, its excess presence in blood may cause atheromas, which is blockage that builds up over years in blood vessel. It consists of variable combination of lipid (fat), complex carbohydrates, blood and blood products, fibrous tissue and calcium deposit.
This blockage leads to higher blood pressure and chances of hart attack.
Also it combines with protein to form two types lipoprotein –
Low density lipoprotein [LDL]
High density lipoprotein [HDL]
Out of which LDL is most dangerous which also help in atheromas formation. higher.
Standard higher level of cholesterol in blood is – 6.55mMol/L or
As cholesterol is important component of our body, therefore during treatment we have to maintain proper level of cholesterol in blood. For this we can use
“Group of molecule” which can act nanorobots
ABOUT GROUP OF MOLECULE
It is nothing but a nanodevice, which is build up totally from bio- molecules.
SHAPE:
To have cholesterol controlling more accurately “group of molecule”
must have spherical shape as shown below
COMPOSITION:
As shown in figure of “group of molecule “, it consist of four parts –
Now working of its each parts in detail is given below –
1 Biosensor molecule
These are the molecules, which are much sensitive to cholesterol. This molecules measures cholesterol level in its vicinity and provide this data to controlling unit. These molecules are fully located on the surface of “ group of molecules “ and as it is in spherical shape, so its surface area in contact with blood is higher, thus cholesterol level can be detected with high accuracy.
2 Controlling unit containing memory:
This is the main part of “ group of molecules”. It consists of artificially coded memory on enzymes (or group of enzymes or molecules), which consist data about standard level of cholesterol in blood.
It consist of energy source which is itself embedded inside controlling unit which provide energy for all operation performed by “group of
molecule”.
It receives output of biosensor molecules and compared result obtained from gathered data with standard value of normal cholesterol level, which is stored in memory. If value of cholesterol level is found more than normal or standard value of cholesterol level then control unit generate active signal, which activated active site.
3 Active site:
It is nothing but an enzyme which remain passive when not activated and when activated react with cholesterol molecule and break down it into small molecule.
As we know all enzymes are very specific in its action and just act as a catalyst, therefore remain as it is after the reaction and only with cholesterol molecule and therefore there is no possibility of its reaction with molecules other than cholesterol.
4 External control arrangement:
As “group of molecule “ freely float in blood like other blood cells, they get distributed in entire body. Some time it is necessary to remove all these “ group of molecule “ from blood or to observe their activity for analyzing their operation.
For this external control arrangement is there. This area may consist few atoms of metal deposited which can be scanned and detect easily.
OPERATION:
For controlling cholesterol level in blood we have to insert these
molecule into blood. As they are very small like platelets, they can easily float in blood.
Biosensor molecule is a special molecule which when comes in contact with cholesterol molecule generates electron. Thus number of electron produce is directly proportional to number of molecule of cholesterol. So by counting electron, control unit counts up number of cholesterol molecule in blood and compare this amount with standard cholesterol level as coded in memory.
If amount of cholesterol counted, is greater than normal cholesterol level control unit gives actuating signal that is nothing but an electron which is directly feed to enzyme at active site. As electron is provided, enzyme get activated and it react with cholesterol molecule and break down it into simpler molecules which are less hazards and water-soluble. As these molecules are soluble in water they can be filter out by kidney.
In this way the same procedure repeated till cholesterol level in the vicinity of “ group of molecule” come to its normal value. When amount of cholesterol in blood becomes normal, actuating signal that is electron provided to active site is cut off. As a result enzyme become passive and reaction stop.
ADAVANTAGES:
Use of “ group of molecule “ for controlling cholesterol level has following advantages—
It maintain normal amount of cholesterol in blood.
As formation of athermos is prevented, chances of increase in blood pressure and heart attack are totally removed.
Regular examination and intake of medicine is not required.
In nanorobotics, robots uses laser beam for destroying cholesterol but this technology is free from laser, so body friendly.
As enzymes and molecules which are synthesis within human body is used for its fabrication, there is less chances of immunity reaction
DISADVANTAGES:
Only disadvantages are of body’s immune system, but using proper molecules can solve this problem.
CONCLUSION:
From all above discussion it is clear that by using “group of molecule” we can effectively control cholesterol level. But as work is going on in the field of nanotechnology it is not possible to develop this device today. But it future it become reality.
Today cholesterol control is major problem faced by most of the people, as increase in cholesterol level in blood block the blood vessel by atheromas formation & thus increase blood pressure (B.P.) & may leads to heart attack. By using medicines (like statin, Questran) we can control the cholesterol level in blood but not permanently. Also it has side effect & till date clinical trials are failed to show sufficient evidence of improved survival after taking drugs.
Another method itself proposed by nano-technology is to use nanorobots. But as nanorobots uses laser beam for its action to destroy cholesterol molecule, it may rise risk of cancer or some other hazards to the body.
To overcome all this difficulties we use group of enzymes (biological), which control cholesterol level by converting cholesterol molecule into small molecules, which are soluble in water and less harmful to body so that these molecules can be removed out from body.
What is cholesterol?
Shown below
Its main physical property is that it is insoluble in water.
Importance of cholesterol:
In human body cholesterol is a one of the important compound. Their importance’s are:
It is structural component of all cell membrane
It is main component of formation of many compounds like bile acid vitamin d and certain hormones
DISADVANTAGES OF HIGH CHOLESTEROL:
Even though cholesterol is important for body, its excess presence in blood may cause atheromas, which is blockage that builds up over years in blood vessel. It consists of variable combination of lipid (fat), complex carbohydrates, blood and blood products, fibrous tissue and calcium deposit.
This blockage leads to higher blood pressure and chances of hart attack.
Also it combines with protein to form two types lipoprotein –
Low density lipoprotein [LDL]
High density lipoprotein [HDL]
Out of which LDL is most dangerous which also help in atheromas formation. higher.
Standard higher level of cholesterol in blood is – 6.55mMol/L or
As cholesterol is important component of our body, therefore during treatment we have to maintain proper level of cholesterol in blood. For this we can use
“Group of molecule” which can act nanorobots
ABOUT GROUP OF MOLECULE
SHAPE:
To have cholesterol controlling more accurately “group of molecule”
must have spherical shape as shown below
COMPOSITION:
As shown in figure of “group of molecule “, it consist of four parts –
Now working of its each parts in detail is given below –
1 Biosensor molecule
These are the molecules, which are much sensitive to cholesterol. This molecules measures cholesterol level in its vicinity and provide this data to controlling unit. These molecules are fully located on the surface of “ group of molecules “ and as it is in spherical shape, so its surface area in contact with blood is higher, thus cholesterol level can be detected with high accuracy.
2 Controlling unit containing memory:
This is the main part of “ group of molecules”. It consists of artificially coded memory on enzymes (or group of enzymes or molecules), which consist data about standard level of cholesterol in blood.
It consist of energy source which is itself embedded inside controlling unit which provide energy for all operation performed by “group of
molecule”.
It receives output of biosensor molecules and compared result obtained from gathered data with standard value of normal cholesterol level, which is stored in memory. If value of cholesterol level is found more than normal or standard value of cholesterol level then control unit generate active signal, which activated active site.
3 Active site:
It is nothing but an enzyme which remain passive when not activated and when activated react with cholesterol molecule and break down it into small molecule.
As we know all enzymes are very specific in its action and just act as a catalyst, therefore remain as it is after the reaction and only with cholesterol molecule and therefore there is no possibility of its reaction with molecules other than cholesterol.
4 External control arrangement:
As “group of molecule “ freely float in blood like other blood cells, they get distributed in entire body. Some time it is necessary to remove all these “ group of molecule “ from blood or to observe their activity for analyzing their operation.
For this external control arrangement is there. This area may consist few atoms of metal deposited which can be scanned and detect easily.
OPERATION:
For controlling cholesterol level in blood we have to insert these
molecule into blood. As they are very small like platelets, they can easily float in blood.
Biosensor molecule is a special molecule which when comes in contact with cholesterol molecule generates electron. Thus number of electron produce is directly proportional to number of molecule of cholesterol. So by counting electron, control unit counts up number of cholesterol molecule in blood and compare this amount with standard cholesterol level as coded in memory.
If amount of cholesterol counted, is greater than normal cholesterol level control unit gives actuating signal that is nothing but an electron which is directly feed to enzyme at active site. As electron is provided, enzyme get activated and it react with cholesterol molecule and break down it into simpler molecules which are less hazards and water-soluble. As these molecules are soluble in water they can be filter out by kidney.
In this way the same procedure repeated till cholesterol level in the vicinity of “ group of molecule” come to its normal value. When amount of cholesterol in blood becomes normal, actuating signal that is electron provided to active site is cut off. As a result enzyme become passive and reaction stop.
ADAVANTAGES:
Use of “ group of molecule “ for controlling cholesterol level has following advantages—
It maintain normal amount of cholesterol in blood.
As formation of athermos is prevented, chances of increase in blood pressure and heart attack are totally removed.
Regular examination and intake of medicine is not required.
In nanorobotics, robots uses laser beam for destroying cholesterol but this technology is free from laser, so body friendly.
As enzymes and molecules which are synthesis within human body is used for its fabrication, there is less chances of immunity reaction
DISADVANTAGES:
Only disadvantages are of body’s immune system, but using proper molecules can solve this problem.
CONCLUSION:
From all above discussion it is clear that by using “group of molecule” we can effectively control cholesterol level. But as work is going on in the field of nanotechnology it is not possible to develop this device today. But it future it become reality.
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