When we say handheld embedded device, we have to discuss about Mobile phone and PDA. Now a day’s no need to explain about PDA, since it is available a smart phone which will perform all functions of PDA and more than of that also. That means a handheld embedded device is Mobile phone. As the technologies are developing in day to day life highly featured phones are available. Latest Challenges in the business field of mobile phone are in the development of operating system along with its configuration. The increasing importance of mobile devices has triggered intense competition among Google, Nokia Microsoft, Apple, and in a bid to capture the bigger market share. Palm, Research in Motion Ericson, and Samsung are also significant firms in the mobile platform sector. Now a day’s mobile phone prices decreases as days goes. A highly featured mobile phone will obtain for cheaper price. The cost decreases due to arising of better smart phone from different companies with highly configured Operating System. Due to arising of Open Source Operating System Developers can develop better operating system with a number of highly featured functions for low cost. As a result a strong fight occurs in the marketing field. Before the entering of First open Source OS Google’s Android, OS in the mobile phone fully controlled By JAVA based OS and Symbian. At that time Mobile phone prices are quite high and these OS are closed source. In November 2007, Google formed a Linux-based open source alliance to make inroads into this mobile platform market, raising consumer awareness of the growing mobile platform frenzy. Due to rising of Android better challenges Occurred In the marketing field following to Android, Nokia develop their Own Open Source OS Maemo. In order to sustain in this Challenging Field Nokia makes Symbian as Open source. Now a day’s almost all the Mobile Phone Platform are either fully or partially open Source. Most of Closed source Platform are Changes to Open platform. Number of Mobile phone OS are arises as the days goes. Intel and Nokia combined to make Meego OS. Since Palm Os Is Closed but palm Inc. made New Open OS for mobile called Palm Web Os .Another latest one going to release is Limo is developed by the Limo foundation. The operating system of the iPhone OS X, is based on FreeBSD, an open source operating system. However, development of the iPhone and its OS X are not in and of themselves open source. Window’s Mobile phone OS ‘Windows CE’ makes Partially Open source. These two OS’S allow 3rd party apps to be developed within a very limited sandbox. In Future number of open source OS and Software are available for hand held embedded devices. Since the source code is open and OSS provides free to modify and distribute License, we can modify an existing OS as our need and view, and can install in embedded devices or to distribute. Hope that in future all the closed source platform will become open in this Challenging Field and sure that better Open Source will come from different part of world.
OPEN SOURCE
What is open source?
Originally coined in 1998, the term open source came out of the free software movement, a collaborative force going strong since the dawn of computing in the 1950s. This early community was responsible for the development of many of the first operating systems, software and, in 1969, the Internet itself. The open source community is thriving and today boasts some of the best brains in the business. The aim has not changed: free systems and software should be available to everybody, wherever they are. Without open source, many of the systems and applications we take for granted simply would not exist. All the big players in computing come from, or owe a huge creative debt to, the open source community, and continue to rely on its talent and expertise when developing new products.
Why Open Source?
Open source applications are now available for every common type of enterprise software -- from databases, application servers and Web servers, to Web browsers and office applications, to network monitoring software and security software. Of course, in all these categories, mature commercial software alternatives also exist. So why choose open source?
The quality of open source software met or exceeded the expectations of 92 percent of respondents to a recent survey conducted by Forrester Research. Meanwhile, 87 percent of respondents said that open source software delivered the cost savings they were hoping for.
Second, acquisition cycles and associated entry costs are minimal for open source softwars, at least for pilot projects and initial rollouts. Enterprises can use free versions of software to start a project without having to endure the protracted sales and acquisition cycles that often accompany pilot projects with commercial software. Also, there are scores of companies that build value-added capabilities on top of this freely available code, enabling an easy path to deploy open source-based applications in production. This more economical acquisition and deployment model allows organizations to dedicate greater portions of their budgets to customizations and innovations that really matter.
Third, open source applications can be even more secure than their commercial equivalents. Open source communities fixed security vulnerabilities twice as quickly as commercial software vendors did. They've repeatedly shown they can do an excellent job discovering, characterizing, and patching security vulnerabilities. In addition to this community open source security practices are often backed by suppliers that provide commercial support and indemnification, which has had a dramatic effect on the rollout of open source applications in the enterprise.
In a nutshell, open source software has been proven to provide better value, lower costs, and improved security, addressing the most important enterprise considerations today
HANDHELD EMBEDDED DEVICES
An Embedded mobile device (also known as an Embedded handheld device, handheld computer or simply handheld) is a pocket-sized electronic device that enables some kind of computing, and which is small enough to be easily carried around. Mobile devices enable people to take advantage of computing power without being shackled to a specific time or place. These devices are quite pervasive nowadays. Typically it has a display screen with either Touch input and/or a miniature keyboard. In the case of the Personal Digital assistance (PDA) the input and output are often combined into a touch-screen Interface. Mobile Phone (Smart Phone) and PDAs are popular mobile Devices amongst those who require the assistance and convenience of certain aspects of a conventional computer, in environments where carrying one would not be practical. Enterprise Digital Assistance (EDA) can further extend the available functionality for the business user by offering integrated data capture devices like barcode, RFID and smart card readers. Other important embedded mobile devices are device, ,Calculator, Handheld game console, Portable media player, Digital still camera (DSC),Digital video camera, Pager, Personal navigation device etc.
Smartphone
A Smartphone is a mobile phone that offers more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary basic 'feature phone'. Smartphones and feature phones may be thought of as handheld computers integrated within a mobile telephone. A Smartphone allows the user to install and run more advanced applications based on a specific platform. Smartphones run complete operating system software providing a platform for application developers. According to a study by ComScore, in 2010 over 45.5 million people in the United States owned smartphones and it is the fastest growing segment of the mobile phone market. The first Smartphone was called Simon; it was designed by IBM in 1992. The Nokia Communicator line was the first of Nokia's smartphones starting with the Nokia 9000, released in 1996.In early 2002 Handspring released the Palm OS Treo Smartphone, utilizing a full keyboard that combined wireless web browsing, email, calendar and contact organizer, with mobile third-party applications that could be downloaded or synced with a computer. Later number of companies will develops different types of smart phone with latest features.
Operating System
Operating systems that can be found on smartphones include Nokia's Symbian OS, Google's Android, Apple's IOS, RIM's BlackBerry OS, Windows Phone, Samsung’s Bada, Linux, Palm WebOS, and Nokia's Maemo, MeeGo. Android, WebOS, Maemo and MeeGo are in turn built on top of Linux, and the iPhone OS is derived from the BSD and NeXTSTEP operating systems, which all are related to UNIX.
Symbian OS from the Symbian Foundation (open public license)
Symbian has the largest share in most markets worldwide, but lags behind other companies in the relatively small but highly visible North American market. This matches the success of its largest shareholder and customer, Nokia, in all markets except Japan.
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RIM BlackBerry OS (closed source, proprietary)
This OS is focused on easy operation and was originally designed for business. Recently it has seen a surge in third-party applications and has been improved to offer full multimedia support.
iOS from Apple Inc. (closed source, proprietary)
The iPhone uses an operating system called iOS, which is derived from Mac OS X. Third party applications were not officially supported until the release of iOS 2.0 on July 11th 2008.
Windows Phone from Microsoft (closed source, proprietary)
The Windows CE operating system and Windows Mobile middleware are widely spread in Asia. The two improved variants of this operating system, Windows Mobile 6 Professional (for touch screen devices) and Windows Mobile 6 Standard, were unveiled in February 2007. It has been criticized for having a user interface which is not optimized for touch input by fingers. February 15th, 2010 Microsoft unveiled its next-generation mobile OS, Windows Phone 7. The new mobile OS includes a completely new over-hauled UI called "Metro".
Android from Google Inc. (open source, GPL)
Android was developed by Google Inc. Android is an open source, Linux-derived platform backed by Google, along with major hardware and software developers (such as Intel, HTC, ARM, and eBay, to name a few), that form the Open Handset Alliance.
Linux operating system (open source, GPL)
Linux is strongest in China where it is used by Motorola, and in Japan, used by DoCoMo. Rather than being a platform in its own right, Linux is used as a basis for a number of different platforms developed by several vendors, including Android, LiMo, Maemo, Openmoko and Qt Extended, which are mostly incompatible.
Palm WebOS from Palm Inc. and Palm OS/Garnet OS from Access Co. (closed source and open source)
Palm WebOS is Palm's next generation operating system. Palm Source traditionally used its own platform developed by Palm Inc. Access Linux Platform (ALP) is an improvement that was planned to be launched in the first half of 2007.
bada from Samsung Electronics (closed source, proprietary)
The bada mobile phone operating system is still in development, and Samsung expects handsets to be available in the second half of 2010. The first device to run bada is called 'Wave' and was unveiled to the public at Mobile World Congress 2010,
MeeGo from Nokia and Intel (open source, GPL)
At the 2010 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Nokia and Intel both unveiled 'MeeGo' a brand new mobile operating system which would combine the best of Moblin and the best of Maemo to create a truly open-sourced experience for users across all devices.
Maemo from Nokia (open source, GPL)
Maemo is a software platform developed by Nokia for smartphones and Internet Tablets. It is based on the Debian operating system. Maemo is mostly based on open source code, and has been developed by Maemo Devices within Nokia in collaboration with many open source projects such as the Linux kernel, Debian and GNOME.
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