As far as electricity is concern, the consumers use the amount electrical energy they required and pay for it after the reception of the bills from the electricity board. This post- paid process goes smoothly as long as everyone pay their bills regularly and on time, but this is ideal condition does not happen in practical. The prepaid energy meter a new concept emerged to solve the problems of non-payment of electricity bills. In the system the consumer have to purchase the smart cards from specified card vending machines, which will program it for the required number of units. The user then inserts this card into the integrated card reader in the meters.
The information in the card is read and the number of units purchased will get credit into the meter, Getting in reprogrammed in the vending machine can reuse same card.
INTRODUCTION
Power measurement is important to electricity supply authorities, to ensure that the power consumption by consumers is properly coasted and charged for. It is also required to ensure that the total system had is within the capacity of available generating plant.
Electrical utilities, like any other heavy industries, have greatly increased their familiarity with sophisticated electronics in recent years. Significant changes are taking placed in the electric energy industry worldwide. Increased demand of electrical energy will require better management of distribution. Supplier will need to identify ways of supplying a better level of service at a reduced cost. One way to do it is to install prepaid energy meter.
The micro controller based pie-paid energy meter is based on IC-89C51. The logic behind the meter is that, when the user will plug the pre-paid card into the meter. The meter will supply the power to the output terminals. The pre-paid card will continue the amount of purchased unit. When the consumer will consume the amount of unit. The meter will disconnect the consumer’s supply.
Some additional facilities can be added to make the meter use practically. One facility is that the meter will sound a buzzer for 5 seconds whenever the balance units on the card are less than 25. Also the users will be provided with two pre-paid cards, so that when all the units are used, he could replace it with the other card. The user then can change the card for next replacement.
It will also be necessary to take into consideration that the card should be specific for a specific meter. For this the prepaid card will carry 10-digit serial number of the meter. Whenever the user inserts a card into the meter, micro controller will first verify the number with the meter number, and if OK then only it will allow the power flow to continue.
WHY PREPAID ENERGY METER
The traditional single-phase energy meter consists of two electromagnets, an aluminum disc and a recording counter for recording the number of revolution.
The two electromagnets carry current and voltage coil produce alternating fluxes proportional to the supply voltage and current. They produce fluxes, which set up eddy, currents in the disc. The interaction of fluxes with the respective eddy current set up a torque on the rotor disc causing it to rotate. The speed is proportional to the power being consumed. In the energy meter installed in consumer’s premises the voltage coil is always on the supply. The main disadvantages with this meter are
1. Friction:
Due to mechanical rotating plate, friction introduces. In small load e.g. 5% of total load the plate has to rotate. But due to friction the plate may not rotate.
2. Theft of Electricity:
The electric field by two electro-magnets is responsible to rotate the disc. If third magnet is introduced, its electric field retains the speed of disc rotation and reading not properly taken.
Remedy for this is the recently introduced electronic energy meter, where 1C is used instead of aluminum disc, to measure the consumed power and accordingly reading is displayed. Electronic energy meters have outperformed the electromechanically meters in terms of functionality and performance. Also measurement accuracy and quality. And the amounts of information from electronic measurement are unquestionably superior to the traditional rotor plate energy meter design.
The growing family of the standard electronic energy meters also eliminates
The length manufacturing investment associated with the electromechanical meters. Thus basic solid-state meter will be more accurate, more reliable and cheaper than electromechanical meters. But still major disadvantages remains.
Industrial Level:
Many industries consumes high amount of electricity, complete their order in 2-3 months and then not pay for consumed electricity.
Household Level:
Consumer has to pay more due to extra charge for reading meter and due to paying bills after due date.
Micro controller based pro-paid electronic energy meter overcomes these disadvantages. It requires an energy card bought by the consumer from the electricity board, which should be inserted in a slot in the meter. The meter works to the capacity provided in the card and before it is exhausted the meter warns the consumer that it is approaching the limit and that he should be a new one before it is completely exhausted. its principle is very similar to the pro-paid phone cards.
BLOCK DIAGRAM PREPAID ENERGY METER
Circuit diagram
Download everything related to Prepaid Energy Meter (seminar report , program and circuitry etc)
Password : betaengineers.net
i like it so mch n i try to run it....
ReplyDelete..try it its working Fine...
ReplyDeletewhere can i get only the energy meter from? URGENT
ReplyDelete