- Diode
- Zener Diode
- Transistor
- Resistor & capacitor
- Peizo buzzer
power-supply for themselves. But the alarm circuit presented
here needs no additional supply source. It employs an electrolytic capacitor to store
adequate charge, to feed power to the alarm circuit which sounds an alarm for
a reasonable duration when the mains supply fails.
During the presence of mains power supply, the rectified mains voltage is
stepped down to a required low level. A zener is used to limit the
filtered voltage to 15-volt level. Mains presence is indicated by
an LED. The low-level DC is used for charging capacitor C3
and reverse biasing switching transistor T1. Thus, transistor
T1 remains cut-off as long as the mains supply is present. As
soon as the mains power fails, the charge stored in the capacitor
acts as a power-supply source for transistor T1. Since,
in the absence of mains supply, the base of transistor is pulled
‘low’ via resistor R8, it conducts and sounds the buzzer (alarm) to give a
warning of the power-failure.
With the value of C3 as shown, a good quality buzzer would sound for about a
minute. By increasing or decreasing the value of capacitor C3, this time can be
altered to serve one’s need.
Assembly is quite easy. The values of the components are not critical. If the
alarm circuit is powered from any external DC power-supply source, the mains supply
section up to points ‘P’ and ‘M’ can be omitted from the circuit. Following
points may be noted:
1. At a higher DC voltage level, transistor T1 (BC558) may pass some collector-
to-emitter leakage current, causing a continuous murmuring sound from the
buzzer. In that case, replace it with some low-gain transistor.
2. Piezo buzzer must be a continuous tone version, with built-in oscillator.
To save space, one may use five small sized 1000μF capacitors (in parallel) in
place of bulky high-value capacitor C3.
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